Theoretical calculation of equilibrium Mg isotope fractionation between silicate melt and its vapor     

Haiyang Luo  Huiming Bao  Yuhong Yang  Yun Liu 《中国地球化学学报》2018,37(5):655-662

Isotope fractionation during the evaporation of silicate melt and condensation of vapor has been widely used to explain various isotope signals observed in lunar soils, cosmic spherules, calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions, and bulk compositions of planetary materials. During evaporation and condensation, the equilibrium isotope fractionation factor (α) between high-temperature silicate melt and vapor is a fundamental parameter that can constrain the melt’s isotopic compositions. However, equilibrium α is difficult to calibrate experimentally. Here we used Mg as an example and calculated equilibrium Mg isotope fractionation in MgSiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄ melt–vapor systems based on first-principles molecular dynamics and the high-temperature approximation of the Bigeleisen–Mayer equation. We found that, at 2500 K, δ²⁵Mg values in the MgSiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄ melts were 0.141?±?0.004 and 0.143?±?0.003‰ more positive than in their respective vapors. The corresponding δ²⁶Mg values were 0.270?±?0.008 and 0.274?±?0.006‰ more positive than in vapors, respectively. The general \(\alpha - T\) equations describing the equilibrium Mg α in MgSiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄ melt–vapor systems were: \(\alpha_{{{\text{Mg}}\left( {\text{l}} \right) - {\text{Mg}}\left( {\text{g}} \right)}} = 1 + \frac{{5.264 \times 10^{5} }}{{T^{2} }}\left( {\frac{1}{m} - \frac{1}{{m^{\prime}}}} \right)\) and \(\alpha_{{{\text{Mg}}\left( {\text{l}} \right) - {\text{Mg}}\left( {\text{g}} \right)}} = 1 + \frac{{5.340 \times 10^{5} }}{{T^{2} }}\left( {\frac{1}{m} - \frac{1}{{m^{\prime}}}} \right)\), respectively, where m is the mass of light isotope ²⁴Mg and m′ is the mass of the heavier isotope, ²⁵Mg or ²⁶Mg. These results offer a necessary parameter for mechanistic understanding of Mg isotope fractionation during evaporation and condensation that commonly occurs during the early stages of planetary formation and evolution.  相似文献   

A review on missing hydrological data processing     

Yongbo Gao  Christoph Merz  Gunnar Lischeid  Michael Schneider 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(2):47

Like almost all fields of science, hydrology has benefited to a large extent from the tremendous improvements in scientific instruments that are able to collect long-time data series and an increase in available computational power and storage capabilities over the last decades. Many model applications and statistical analyses (e.g., extreme value analysis) are based on these time series. Consequently, the quality and the completeness of these time series are essential. Preprocessing of raw data sets by filling data gaps is thus a necessary procedure. Several interpolation techniques with different complexity are available ranging from rather simple to extremely challenging approaches. In this paper, various imputation methods available to the hydrological researchers are reviewed with regard to their suitability for filling gaps in the context of solving hydrological questions. The methodological approaches include arithmetic mean imputation, principal component analysis, regression-based methods and multiple imputation methods. In particular, autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) models which originate from finance and econometrics will be discussed regarding their applicability to data series characterized by non-constant volatility and heteroscedasticity in hydrological contexts. The review shows that methodological advances driven by other fields of research bear relevance for a more intensive use of these methods in hydrology. Up to now, the hydrological community has paid little attention to the imputation ability of time series models in general and ARCH models in particular.  相似文献   

赫南特冰期古海洋环境转变及其成因机制研究现状     

杨向荣  严德天  张利伟  张宝  徐翰文  刘文慧  郧嘉琳 《沉积学报》2018,36(2):319-332

奥陶纪-志留纪转折期是地质历史时期一个重要的时间节点,形成了广为人知的赫南特冰期。该冰期的形成不仅诱发了显生宙第二大的两幕生物绝灭事件,同样使海水中的地球化学元素循环受到强烈的影响,如海洋碳酸盐与大气CO₂的循环受到扰动,全球海平面的降低促使水体逐渐富氧化,进而导致海洋水体Mo、S、U等同位素值出现波动,而冈瓦纳大陆被冰雪大面积覆盖则削弱了铝硅酸盐岩的风化作用,并限制了陆壳放射性187Os、87Sr同位素向海水的运移。赫南特冰期的成因一直是学界探讨的热点,被归结于风化作用、火山活动的增强或有机碳的大量埋藏等因素,但对冰期的成因机制与持续时间仍具有较多的争论,其原因很多,比如缺乏独立的生物地层单元同时能够控制浅水碳酸盐岩及深水泥页岩区,缺少转折界限处高精度的地球化学信息与全球等时地层格架下的对比,以及未能排除风化作用、成岩作用和构造热事件对古海洋与古气候重建时的扰动等。  相似文献   

Hydrothermal Dolomite: A Review and PerspectiveEI北大核心CSCD     

Li Q.  Bao Z. 《大地构造与成矿学》2018,(4):699-717

Hydrothermal dolomite commonly closely associates with oil-gas reservoirs and sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits, the Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Pb-Zn deposits in particular. Host rocks of MVT deposits usually experienced extensive dolomitization, and indeed, hydrothermal dolomite is considered as a useful prospective indicator for MVT mineralization. However, genetic link between the hydrothermal dolomitization and MVT Pb-Zn mineralization is a matter of debate. This paper briefly reviewed the nomenclature and research history of hydrothermal dolomite, introduced the major geological, geochemical characteristics, and distribution of hydrothermal dolomite, spatial and possibly genetic relationship between hdyrothermal dolomite and hdyrothermal ore deposits and oil-gas reservoirs based on case studies including the occurrence of hydrothermal dolomites in MVT deposits in Southwest China. The temporal and genetic relationships between dolomitizaiton and thermal sulfate reduction, sulfide precipitation and thus the location of ore mineralization well worthy more attention, and comprehensive geological and isotope geochemical and state of art in situ techniques will contribute to understanding of the genesis of hydrotherml dolomite and the spatially related ore deposits and oil-gas reservoirs. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.  相似文献   

黑河流域乡镇初始水权分配研究——以甘州区为例     

王鹏龙  宋晓谕  王宝  王肖波  牛艺博 《冰川冻土》2021,43(4):1218-1227

乡镇水权分配是乡镇水资源承载力研究的前提,是乡镇落实最严格的水资源管理和水权交易制度的基础,为新时期乡村振兴与美丽乡村建设提供物质保障。以最严格水资源管理制度确定的甘州区用水总量控制目标为可分配水权总量,在优先保障生活和生态基本用水基础上,选取2017年为规划水平年,采用人口、面积、产值单指标和混合分配模式,以及综合指标分配模式5种方法,开展了乡镇尺度水权分配对比研究。结果表明：领域专家对水权分配的公平性的重视程度略大于效率性,区域水资源的管理者更注重水权分配的公平性,而研究学者更倾向于效率性。5种模式对同一乡镇的水权分配结果范围较为均衡,但不同模式因侧重点各异对具体乡镇的分配比例存在差异。各乡镇不同模式下最大水权分配比例处于10%以上,而最小比例不超过0.3%。基于AHP的综合指标模式的分配结果更为合理,更贴合各乡镇水资源利用现状与经济社会未来发展潜力,其分配结果为各乡镇水资源承载力研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

河北围场早白垩世鲎虫化石性双形现象研究     

包彩凤 《江苏地质》2021,45(2):143-149

对产自河北围场下白垩统九佛堂组的65件鲎虫化石标本进行研究。根据其形态特征,认为这些鲎虫化石属于三角围场鲎虫（Weichangiops triangularisYang et Hong, 1980）。有观点认为,具有上肛板的鲎虫为冷水型鲎虫,而不具上肛板的鲎虫为暖水型鲎虫。河北围场采集的鲎虫化石有的具上肛板,有的不具上肛板,目前没有任何证据表明其为冷水型鲎虫与暖水型鲎虫混生的产物。通过研究,对三角围场鲎虫的特征进行了适当修正,认为围场地区的鲎虫化石具1对复眼,因此依据单个复眼而建立的新亚科——围场鲎虫亚科（Weichangiopsinae）不成立,应予以摒弃。三角围场鲎虫存在明显的性双形现象,雄性个体尾部具有上肛板,雌性个体不具有上肛板,这对于鲎虫化石分类研究具有重要的科学价值,可避免在生物分类时发生同物异名现象。  相似文献   

生态地质研究进展与展望     

聂洪峰  肖春蕾  任伟祥  刘建宇  戴蒙 《中国地质调查》2021,7(6):1-8

生态地质学是研究生态系统与地质环境之间关系的一门交叉学科,对国土空间生态保护修复工作有重要理论支撑作用。我国生态地质研究工作虽然经过了多年的发展与积淀,但时至今日生态地质学仍然处于研究和探索阶段。鉴于此,基于前人的大量研究,总结了国内外生态地质研究进展: 国际上,俄罗斯建立了生态地质学研究体系,美国发起的地球关键带研究是与生态地质研究十分契合的主题; 在国内,生态地质研究主要着眼于”生态-地质”相互作用过程与机理以及地质环境影响下的系统性生态修复研究。在此基础上,提出了生态地质学涵义及其研究内容、方法技术创新及学科体系构建思路,以期为服务山水林田湖草沙整体保护、系统修复、综合治理和生态地质系统深化研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

河南省人工防雹作业指挥系统研发及应用     

鲍向东  丁建芳  杜春丽  刘磊  郭丽梅 《气象与环境科学》2019,42(1):127-134

利用河南省历史气象资料,结合先进的防雹理论与技术,系统分析和总结了河南省冰雹过程的天气尺度与中尺度概念模型,并根据三维冰雹云数值模式及雷达探测、闪电定位、卫星、自动站数据,研发出河南省人工防雹作业指挥系统。该系统包括天气形势分析子系统和作业决策指挥子系统。天气形势分析子系统可根据大尺度形势背景、中尺度系统特征及三维冰雹云数值模式和卫星、闪电、自动站资料,对可能降雹区进行预测。作业决策指挥子系统通过对雷达数据产品的二次开发,完成雷达资料处理、产品生成及风暴自动识别、分类、预警,并根据参数的变化和雹云的移动方向,对下游作业区进行预警及输出作业方案。整个系统基于VS2005开发平台,使用c++开发语言,利用图层分层管理将地理信息、雷达实时观测资料、雷达二次产品、高空资料、火箭和高炮作业点等信息分层显示。系统自动化程度高,操作简便,为河南省冰雹天气预报预警提供了可参考的技术指标体系。  相似文献   

DYYZ-Ⅱ型自动气象站测温故障排除方法与思路     

赵建凯  安学武  贾成朕  包伟智  李博 《内蒙古气象》2019,(1):46-48

文章通过DYYZ-Ⅱ型自动气象站出现的一次气温、地温数据缺测故障,分析了DYYZ-Ⅱ型自动气象站出现测温故障时的故障排除过程与排除思路,为保障技术人员在处理此类故障时提供了方法和依据。  相似文献   

南北两极海冰的涛动关系          下载免费PDF全文

解思梅  包澄澜  郝春江 《极地研究》1994,6(3):41-55

本文将南极海冰分为４个区：ＳＰＩ１（０°－１２０°Ｅ），东南极海冰；ＳＰＩ２（１２０°Ｅ－１２０°Ｗ），以罗斯海为主体的海冰区；ＳＰＩ３（１２０°Ｗ－０°），以威德尔海为主体的海冰区；ＳＰＩ４，全南极海冰区。北极海冰区分为３个区：ＮＰＩ１（９０°Ｅ－１８０°－９０°Ｗ），太平洋侧冰区；ＮＰＩ２（９０°Ｗ－０°－９０°Ｅ），大西洋侧冰区；ＮＰＩ３，全北极冰区。本文使用了ＷＤＣ－Ａ的ＳＩＧＲＩＤ海冰资料，以分析南极和北极各冰区之间的相互关系。发现两极各冰区之间存在着非常复杂的相互作用。其中最突出的特征是：两极海冰之间相互作用的振源是ＮＰＩ２。ＳＰＩ３是影响南极海冰的正反馈中心。ＳＰＩ２则是南北两极海冰的负反馈中心。ＮＰＩ２，ＳＰＩ３和ＳＰＩ２之间的相互作用最强，形成涛动关系。这种涛动关系不是同时期的，而是有较长的滞后时间差。两极海冰形成周期变化，其周期为５－６年，正与ＮＰＩ２和ＳＰＩ３自身变化周期一致。另外还有更长的循环周期９－１１年  相似文献